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Basic sanitation requirements in buildings

All the buildings when erected or re-erected from foundation or when additions to the floors are made shall be provided with minimum sanitary accommodation.

  • For Office & public buildings except cinemas, theatres, meeting and lecture halls.
    • Every office building or public building shall be provided with at least one water closet.
    • Water closets shall be provided for each sex and the number of such water closets for each sex shall in every case be based upon the maximum number likely to occupy such building at any one time.
    • One urinal shall be provided for every 25 males or part thereof and one water closet for every 25 females or part thereof up to 100 persons. For any number exceeding 100, 1 urinal for every 50 persons shall be provided.
    • There shall be provided one water closet for every 50 persons of each sex of part there of up to 500 persons and for excess over 500. One water closet for every 100 persons of each sex of part thereof shall be provided However. if the total number of employees in such a building or the number of persons likely to use such building does not exceed 20. one water-closet each for both sexes shall be sufficient and no urinal may be provided.
    • The building shall be deemed to be occupied by persons or employees at the rate of one per every 5 square metres of the floor area and sanitary facilities shall be provided according to the number of employees or occupants so worked out.
    • Such Water Closet and urinals shall be in accessible location and shall be Provided with Signs Plainly indicating their purposes sex for which they are meant.
  • Industrial Buildings and Warehouses :
    • Every such building shall be provided with at least one water closet to privy.
    • Water Closets of privies shall be provided for each sex and number of such closets or privies for each sex shall in every case be based upon the maximum number or persons of that sex employed such building.
    • Water closets or privy accommodation shall be provided in every W.C. on the following scale.
      • Where females are employed there shall be least at least one closet or one privy for every 25 females.
      • Where males are employed. there shall be at least one water closet or one privy for every 25 males.
      • Provided that where the number of males employed exceed 100. it shall be Sufficient if there in one water closet or one privy for every 25 males up to the first 100. and one water closet or one privy for every 50 there after.
      • In calculating the number of water closets or privies required under these regulations any number workers less than 25 or 50 as the case may be shall be reckoned as 25 or 50 and the number of workers to be considered shall be the maximum number employed at any one time during the day.
    • In every such factory there shall be provided one urinal for every 100 person of each sex or any less number thereof.
    • In every such factory there shall be provided one washing place of 3.6 square meters in area with sufficient number of taps as per standards laid down by down by rules in respect of factories.
    • In every building of the warehouse class there shall be provide one water closet for every 50 males or any less number thereof and one water closet for every 50 females or any less number there of and one water closet for every 50 females or any less number thereof. after that closet shall be provided at the rate of one closet for every 70 person.
    • In every building of the warehouse class. there shall be provided one urinal for every 100 persons of each sex or any less number thereof.
    • For the purpose of determining the number of water-closets and urinals each 30 sq.mts. of the gross floor space of such building shall be deemed to be occupied by one person.
    • Such water-closets and urinals shall be accessible in location and shall be provided with signs plainly indicating their purpose and the sex for which they are meant.
  • Educational Buildings :
    • Subject to minimum provisions of two water closet and five urinals. there shall be one water-closet and four urinals for every 200 students or part thereof.
    • The building shall be deemed to be occupied by students at the rate of one student per every 1.00 sq,mt. of the floor area of all the class-rooms and sanitary facilities shall be provided according to the number of students so worked out.
  • Residential Building or Residential Tenements :
    • Each residential building or residential tenement shall be provided with at least one water-closet.

For more information, refer national building code.


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