What are the disadvantages of piers constructed monolithically with the bridge deck over usage of bearings?

There are several disadvantages of constructing piers monolithically with the bridge deck instead of using bearings, including:

Lack of Flexibility: Piers constructed monolithically with the bridge deck do not provide any flexibility to the bridge structure. This lack of flexibility can lead to increased stresses on the bridge during temperature changes or other environmental factors, which can ultimately lead to premature failure of the structure.

Increased Construction Costs: Constructing piers monolithically with the bridge deck can be more expensive than using bearings. This is because the process of constructing the piers requires more time, labor, and materials, which can add to the overall cost of the project.

Difficulties with Maintenance: Maintaining piers that are constructed monolithically with the bridge deck can be more difficult and time-consuming than maintaining piers that use bearings. This is because any repairs or maintenance work that needs to be done to the piers may require the entire bridge deck to be removed, which can be a complex and expensive process.

Limited Movement: Piers constructed monolithically with the bridge deck do not allow for any movement or rotation of the bridge deck. This can be a problem in areas with high seismic activity, as the bridge may not be able to move or flex during an earthquake, which can lead to significant damage.

Potential for Differential Settlement: Piers constructed monolithically with the bridge deck can be more susceptible to differential settlement, which is when different parts of the structure settle at different rates. This can lead to uneven stresses on the structure and ultimately lead to failure. Bearings, on the other hand, can help to distribute these stresses more evenly and reduce the risk of differential settlement.